Understanding the BIM Level of Development (LOD) 100, 200, 300, 350, 400 & 500
Level of Development (LOD) in BIM defines how reliable a model truly is at each project stage — not how detailed it looks.
From early concepts to fabrication and as-built handover, LOD sets clear expectations about what can be measured, coordinated, built, and trusted. Understanding LOD helps teams avoid false assumptions, reduce rework, and use BIM as a decision-making tool instead of just a visualization model.
Understanding the BIM Level of Development (LOD) 100, 200, 300, 350, 400 & 500
In Building Information Modeling (BIM), the Level of Development (LOD) defines how detailed and reliable a 3D model is at each stage of a project. LOD acts as a benchmark for what information can be expected from the model during design, coordination, construction, and handover. As BIM adoption grows, LOD standards help teams work with clarity, accuracy, and shared expectations.
Level of Development vs. Level of Detail (LOD)
LOD is often confused with “Level of Detail,” but they are not the same.
o Level of Development (LOD) defines how complete and reliable the model information is.
o Level of Detail refers to how graphically detailed elements appear.
A model may look detailed but still lack the reliability required for construction or fabrication. LOD focuses on usability, not just appearance.
Understanding the Different Levels of Development
LOD ranges from conceptual modeling to as-built conditions. These stages guide BIM deliverables across disciplines such as architectural, structural, MEP, and scan-to-BIM workflows.
LOD 100: Conceptualization
At LOD 100, the model represents basic massing and overall building form. It is used for early-stage visualization, feasibility studies, and initial discussions. The focus is on concept, not accuracy or constructability.
· Massing, area, orientation
· Used for feasibility and early vision
· Think: “A building-shaped idea”
LOD 200: Schematic Design
LOD 200 introduces approximate geometry and key building elements. The model supports spatial planning, layout understanding, and early coordination. It helps stakeholders visualize design intent and make early decisions.
Rough size and approximate location
Suitable for early coordination
Not for construction
LOD 300: Detailed Design
LOD 300 contains accurate dimensions, materials, and locations. The model can be used for design development, coordination, and preparation of construction documents. This level supports reliable quantity take-offs and clash detection.
· Accurate dimensions and locations
· Suitable for drawings, permits, coordination
· Quantities and measurements are reliable
LOD 350: Construction Documentation
LOD 350 adds constructability information such as assembly details, interfaces between systems, and coordination requirements.
· It supports advanced clash detection, sequencing, and coordination between trades.
LOD 400: Fabrication and Assembly
LOD 400 models are detailed enough for fabrication and installation. Elements include fabrication-level geometry, connections, and specifications to support off-site manufacturing and on-site construction workflows.
· Shop-drawing level detail
· Includes connections, supports, hangers
· Can be directly used for construction and fabrication
· Think: “You can build from the model”
LOD 500: As-Built Conditions
LOD 500 represents the as-built model, reflecting what was actually constructed. This model is valuable for operations, maintenance, and facility management throughout the building’s lifecycle.
· Verified on site
· Reflects what was actually constructed
· Used for operations and facility management
· Think: “The truth on the ground”
Importance of LOD in Construction Projects
LOD brings structure and clarity to BIM implementation. Key benefits include:
Clarity and Consistency: Everyone knows what level of information to expect.
Better Decision-Making: Defined deliverables reduce guesswork and rework.
Improved Collaboration: Teams coordinate more effectively across disciplines.
Enhanced Visualization: Progressive detail improves design understanding.
Facility Management: LOD 500 supports long-term asset management.
Guidelines for BIM Capabilities at Different LODs
Each LOD aligns with a specific project phase—from conceptual massing at LOD 100 to facility management-ready models at LOD 500. Smooth transitions between LODs, regular coordination, and model reviews ensure the BIM process remains aligned with project goals.
BIM Capabilities at Different LODs
LOD | Description | Guidelines |
LOD 100 | Conceptualization | Basic massing and preliminary geometry |
LOD 200 | Schematic Design | Approximate geometry, spatial layout, key components |
LOD 300 | Detailed Design | Accurate dimensions, materials, coordinated building systems |
LOD 350 | Construction Documentation | Assembly details, coordination between trades |
LOD 400 | Fabrication and Assembly | Fabrication-ready models, installation details |
LOD 500 | As-Built Conditions | Verified as-built data for operations and facility management |
To Conclude
LOD standards form the backbone of effective BIM implementation. When applied correctly, they ensure models evolve with purpose, accuracy, and value—supporting better design decisions, smoother construction workflows, and long-term asset management.
